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Six common algal fatty acids (FAs) with different numbers of double bonds, lipophilic fractions and proteins extracted from the diatom Navicula pelliculosa and algal cells were chlorinated to evaluate their potential in generating disinfection by-products (DBPs). The result showed that the more double bonds in the FAs, the higher the amounts of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) produced, but such a pattern was not observed for trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). Based on the previously reported composition of fatty acids in algal lipids, the DBP generation potentials of algal lipids were calculated. These predicted values were much lower than those measured in the chlorinated algal lipophilic fraction, suggesting unknown lipophilic fraction(s) served as potent DBPs precursors. Another calculation attempted to predict DBP production in algal cells based on algal lipid and protein composition, given quantified measured DBP production per unit algal lipid and proteins. The analysis showed that the observed DBP production was similar to that predicted (< 35% difference), suggesting that algal biochemical compositions may serve as a bioindicator for preliminary estimation of chloroform, DCAA and TCAA formation upon chlorinating algae. 相似文献
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Yan You Can Niu Jian Zhou Yating Liu Zhipeng Bai Jiefeng Zhang Fei He Nan Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(4):657-664
A new air exchange rate (AER) monitoring method using continuous CO2 sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m3 environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1-10.0 hr-1). AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO2 sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO2 concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved: duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr-1 in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr??1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15. 相似文献
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根据全国泥炭资源调查的结果, 运用有机质含量、干容重、泥炭储量、泥炭地面积等数据估算中国泥炭地有机碳储量,并探讨其碳储存特征.结果表明,我国泥炭地有机碳总储量约15.03亿t.在各省和各气候区分布不均匀,四川省(6.45亿t)和云南省(2.91亿t)泥炭地有机碳储量最丰富,占总储量的62.29%.各气候区中高原湿润区泥炭地有机碳储量最大(7.14亿t),特别是若尔盖高原泥炭地有机碳储量(6.30亿t)占总储量的41.92%.我国泥炭地有机碳密度一般在80~140kg/m3, 最大值为270~360kg/m3,最小值小于80kg/m3,其分布以燕山、太行山至横断山为界,西北部低,东南部高.泥炭地单位面积有机碳储量均值为143.97kg/m2,滇南高原最高,达到637.06kg/m2.区域平均泥炭地有机碳积累强度为208.23 t/km2,若尔盖高原最高达3972.71t/km2. 相似文献
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基于遥感资料的中国东部地区植被VOCs排放强度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究充分基于遥感资料获取中国东部地区叶面积指数和叶生物量的最新信息,并广泛调研了植被VOCs排放因子的最新研究进展,以2008—2010年的植被和气象的平均状态为背景,基于MEGAN排放模型,研究了中国东部地区植被VOCs(BVOCs)排放的时空分布特征.结果表明,我国东部地区BVOCs年排放总量为11.3×106t(以C计,下同),其中异戊二烯(ISOP)、单萜烯(MON)和其它VOC(OVOC)质量分数(下同),分别为44.9%、31.5%、23.6%.BVOCs排放呈现明显的季节变化特征,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节分别占全年的11.2%、71.8%、14.1%和3.0%.空间分布上,排放高值区主要分布于大小兴安岭、长白山脉、秦岭大巴山脉、东南丘陵、海南等植被茂密的区域,年均排放强度一般在1500~6000kg·km-·2a-1之间,福建、广东、江西、浙江、湖南、湖北等省份BVOCs的排放总量与平均排放强度均较高.本研究所得到的高时空分辨率的BVOCs排放清单,可以为区域环境与气候的数值模拟研究提供基础. 相似文献
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Qijie Zhang Benoit Laurent Fanny Velay-Lasry Richard Ngo Claude Derognat Béatrice Marticoren Armand Albergel 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(1):102-111
An air pollution forecast system, ARIA Regional, was implemented in 2007-2008 at the Beijing Municipality Environmental Monitoring Center, providing daily forecast of main pollutant concentrations. The chemistry-transport model CHIMERE was coupled with the dust emission model MB95 for restituting dust storm events in springtime so as to improve forecast results. Dust storm events were sporadic but could be extremely intense and then control air quality indexes close to the source areas but also far in the Beijing area. A dust episode having occurred at the end of May 2008 was analyzed in this article, and its impact of particulate matter on the Chinese air pollution index (API) was evaluated. Following our estimation, about 23 Tg of dust were emitted from source areas in Mongolia and in the Inner Mongolia of China, transporting towards southeast. This episode of dust storm influenced a large part of North China and East China, and also South Korea. The model result was then evaluated using satellite observations and in situ data. The simulated daily concentrations of total suspended particulate at 6:00 UTC had a similar spatial pattern with respect to OMI satellite aerosol index. Temporal evolution of dust plume was evaluated by comparing dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) calculated from the simulations with AOD derived from MODIS satellite products. Finally, the comparison of reported Chinese API in Beijing with API calculated from the simulation including dust emissions had showed the significant improvement of the model results taking into account mineral dust correctly. 相似文献
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春季黄渤海溶解有机碳的平面分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据2010年4~5月对黄渤海调查所得的数据,分析了黄渤海溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)的含量及其平面分布特征,并对其影响因素进行了初步探讨.结果表明,2010年春季黄渤海DOC的浓度范围为0.96~4.71 mg.L-1,平均浓度为2.27 mg.L-1.平面分布上,DOC整体呈现南北近岸浓度高、中部外海浓度低的特点.在渤海西部近岸、山东半岛东部及长江口东北部均存在高值,尤其是渤海西部近岸,DOC浓度最高达到4.71 mg.L-1,这主要是受河流输入和沿岸流的影响;低值区则主要集中在南黄海中部外海,DOC浓度普遍低于1.50 mg.L-1. 相似文献